GLOSSARY
Of obsolete words, or words used in an
obsolete sense
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Behaviour |
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Abrenounce |
To renounce or repudiate |
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Abroach |
To
set abroach = to start something one cannot or will not stop |
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Acceptance |
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Accombred |
Burdened |
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Accompt |
Account |
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Accustomably |
Normally |
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Acolytes |
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Bound by oath or obligation |
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Adhibited |
Applied |
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Adjure
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To bind under penalty of an oath |
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Admiration |
Astonishment |
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To warn or advise |
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Advertisement |
Formal notification or warning |
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Advocation |
Praying to the saints |
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Advouterer |
Adulterer |
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Advoutry, advowtry |
Adultery |
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Advowson |
The right of appointment to a benefice |
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A disposition or emotional attitude
towards something |
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Affiance |
Trust |
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Affray |
To frighten |
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A blow struck unexpectedly at an opponent
who had thought the fight was over. |
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Withstand, defeat |
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Ale-stake |
An alehouse sign |
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Allegation |
Argument |
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Allege |
To cite in argument |
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Alligation |
Attachment |
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All-to |
Very much |
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Almany
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Almose |
Alms |
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Almous |
Of or relating to almsgiving or charity |
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Roundabout or deceitfully ambiguous
speech; legal technicalities |
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Ambassade |
Ambassadorship |
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Amerce |
To fine or tax heavily |
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Amice
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A shawl of white linen, part of a
priest's vestments |
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To embrace |
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Ampliated |
Enlarged or extended |
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Relating to; as anences = as regards |
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The income of a diocese or benefice for
the first year of a new appointee's tenure, which was given to the Pope. |
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Annealed |
Annointed |
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Annoiling |
Anointing with sacred oil |
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Antelation |
A right of preference or precedence |
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Apaid |
Satisfied |
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Apertly
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Openly |
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The pope |
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Apostule |
A marginal comment or footnote |
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To damage or weaken |
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Apparitor |
An official, or civil or ecclestiacal servant |
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Appellatores |
One who makes a false accusation for a
reward |
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Applausion |
Applause, mass shouting or cheering |
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Appliable
to their beck |
Ready to obey them |
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Appone |
To make use of |
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Appose |
To examine or question |
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Appose |
To interrogate or question in court |
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Raised up |
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To gather and prepare an army |
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Said, mentioned |
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Summoned |
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Formally tasting food before giving it to
a king or other important person |
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Assize |
To impose or assess a tax; or, to set the
price of a staple foodstuff etc. |
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Assoil |
To pardon, absolve |
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Assuage |
To reduce |
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Astonished |
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Astonyings |
Astonishment, confusion |
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At jar |
Of different opinions |
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Attainder
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Forfeiture of all property rights, which
was a penalty for treason or felony; |
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Attemperate |
To adapt |
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Audience |
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Altar |
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1. To depart |
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Avouch |
To declare publicly |
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Avowe |
Vow |
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A storehouse |
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Against |
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Bailiff, steward |
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Band |
Agreement, contract |
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Ban-dog |
A big savage dog |
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Barrator |
A ruffian or hired bully |
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Basin
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A cymbal |
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Bassa |
A Turkish general or pasha |
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Debate, strife |
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Battledore |
A flat wooden club used to beat cloth
when washing it |
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A person employed or appointed to pray
for others |
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Beadroll |
A list of people to be prayed for. |
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Bead-roll |
A long list of names |
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Bearing
sheet |
A winding-sheet or shroud in which a
corpse is wrapped for burial |
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Bearward |
A keeper or trainer of performing bears |
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Call |
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A madman |
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A mallet |
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Beetle-brow |
A person with shaggy eyebrows, a low
sullen scoundrel |
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In wily
beguily = trying to be clever
but only succeeding in deceiving oneself; being "too clever by half" |
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Decorated with hanging tapestries etc. |
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Behewed |
Hacked with an axe |
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Behight |
Gave, given |
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Bell |
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Are |
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Benemen,
Benomin |
Deprive, take away from |
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Beset |
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Are, is |
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To betray |
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A weapon resembling a pike, with a spear
blade, and a hook sharpened on the inside of the curve. |
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Birth-poison |
Original sin; in Christian theology an inherent
inclination to sinfulness which is part of human nature |
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Bite-sheep
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A bishop who ill-treats his flock |
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To proclaim or declare |
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Disconcerted |
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Believe |
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Beaten |
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To sift |
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Good fortune, benefit |
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Bonhomme |
One of an order |
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A parish constable |
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A sermon learned by heart and recited |
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To thump |
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Boyly |
Boyish |
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Brabbling
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Quarrelling, |
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Brable |
To quarrel loudly |
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Brary |
One who brays or talks nonsense |
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Brast
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Burst |
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Burn |
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Brennen |
Burn |
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Brent |
Burnt |
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To steal |
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Brickle |
Fragile, brittle |
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Brim |
Brightly shining |
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Bristow |
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Broom-faggot |
A bundle of the broom plant (Genista scoparius) used for kindling |
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Bruit
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A noise or rumour. Bruited abroad = rumoured |
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Brunt |
A blow |
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Buckle |
Struggle with |
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Buckler
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A shield |
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An ambush |
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Buskle |
To work busily, bustle about |
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An archery range; a target |
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Obedient |
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Buxumnesse |
Obedience |
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Legal quibbling or trickery |
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Build |
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Promised |
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Deprive, take away from |
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A miserable person |
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Canicular |
In canicular days: dog-days, early August |
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Canivise
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Apparently a nonce-word invented by Foxe;
presumably "To make into a dog" |
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Canning |
Ability |
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Canning |
Memorizing |
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Canvassed |
Beaten, knocked about, defeated |
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Believing in the Catholic doctrine of
transubstantiation; Capernaites = those who believe it |
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Capper |
A cap-maker |
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Casule |
A chasuble |
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Catchpole
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Contemptuous word for a debt- or
tax-collector |
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Cater-cousin |
A very close friend |
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Caterpillar |
A robber or extortionist |
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A quibble or reservation |
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Legal quibbles or trickery |
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Blindness, poor eyesight |
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High rank, majesty; your celsitude = your highness |
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To bless with incense |
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Certainly |
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A fit of temper; fury |
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Chaffare
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Merchandise |
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Chambering |
Sexual sin, lewdness |
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Channel |
Gutter |
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Chantries, Chantry-masses |
Masses performed daily or at set
intervals as one of the conditions of a legacy or endowment |
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Chap-men |
Merchants |
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Chaps |
Fissures |
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Chargeous |
Dependent upon |
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Chart |
A charter or official decree. |
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Flattering words |
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Cheer |
Facial expression |
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Chequer |
In chequer matters: Lawsuits relating to
the collection of royal revenue |
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Chesille |
A chasuble |
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Chievance |
Success,
accomplishments |
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Child-travail |
Childbirth, labour |
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Chimer, chimere |
A loose gown with red sleeves, worn by a bishop |
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Chisil
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A chasuble |
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1) A sacred anointing2) A jar
containing the anointing oil called chrism. |
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Chrisoms |
Chrism, a holy oil used for anointing |
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Civilian |
A lawyer specialising in civil law |
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Clamper
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To botch together |
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Clanculary |
Secret |
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To clean, absolve |
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Clepe |
Call |
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A monk or nun who stays in a monastery or
convent; opposed to a friar, who wanders around begging. |
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Closter |
An enclosure |
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Clout |
N) A cloth or wrapping |
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To coerce |
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Coactive |
Coercive |
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Coadjutor |
An assistant |
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Coast |
To attack |
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Coat
card |
A court or picture card in a pack of
playing cards |
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To set
cock in the hoop = to act boastfully or
presumptuously |
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Cockle |
A weed of corn fields (Lychnis githago) |
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To foist or publish a forged document |
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To embrace, cuddle |
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Collar |
To wrestle |
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Collateral |
Of equal rank; one of the joint holders
of an office |
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Collation |
1) Appointment of a clergyman to a
benefice |
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Collect |
A prayer said before the Epistle reading
in the Mass |
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Colleginer |
A fellow of a college |
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Collyrium |
Eye-salve |
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Colourable |
Superficially convincing, but in fact false |
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Comfortable
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Comforting |
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Commencement |
1) A conference2) At a university, the formal
conferring of degrees. |
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Commendations |
Prayers for the dead |
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Comminatory |
1) Threatening punishment or revenge |
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Commissary |
The appointed deputy of a bishop |
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Commixion |
Mingling, mixing together; in the Mass,
the act of putting a small part of the host into the wine. |
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Commodity |
Advantage |
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Commonly |
A public meeting |
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Commorant |
Officially resident |
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Communed |
Discussed |
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Associated with |
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Compass |
A circle, hence: roundabout way; circular or
other enclosure; boundaries or limits |
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Compline |
A church service held in the evening |
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Compter |
A lock-up |
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To study |
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Con-captives |
Fellow-prisoners |
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Concion |
A public speech |
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Concomitation |
Consubstantiation, i.e. the co-existence
of bread and wine, and the body and blood of Christ, in the Eucharist |
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Concupiscence |
Overpowering desire (not necessarily
sexual) |
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Concupiscentious |
Lustful, unchaste |
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Conduct |
A chaplain |
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Confer |
To compare |
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Confute |
To prove wrong |
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Congrue,
Congruent |
Appropriate, suitable |
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Conject |
To conjecture or suppose |
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Conjunction
adversative |
A phrase (beginning with e.g. but or
however) qualifying or contradicting the one before |
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Conning |
Wisdom |
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Consistory |
A court presided over by a bishop, for
trying religious or ecclesiastical cases |
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Conspurcate |
Filthy, defiled |
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Constitute
proctors |
To appoint lawyers to represent oneself
in court |
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Contemn
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To despise |
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Contentation |
Contentment, satisfaction |
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Continue |
Contents |
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Control |
To contradict or object to some statement |
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Contumacy |
Contemptuous refusal to obey |
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Contumelious |
Degrading or insulting |
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Contumely,
Contumelies |
Insults |
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Convent |
(V) To summon before a court |
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Conventicle |
A clandestine or illegal religious
meeting |
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Cope |
1) A long silken cloak worn as an ecclesiastical
vestment |
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Coping tank |
A tall narrow conical hat |
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Copulative |
Forming a connected whole |
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A greedy or rapacious person |
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Cornleader |
A carter of grain |
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Corporace,
corporas |
A cloth laid on the altar on which the
chalice and paten are placed |
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Corporal |
N) A cloth on which consecrated hosts are
laid or which is used to wrap them |
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Breast |
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Covetousness |
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Courser |
A war-horse |
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Courtesan |
A member of the Papal Curia |
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Cousin-germain, Cousin-german |
A first cousin |
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A very large book, which can only be read
on a table or lectern |
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A blowhard or boaster |
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Cramp-ring |
A ring blessed by the King on Good
Friday, believed to be a protection against cramps, fits etc. |
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Crayer |
A small trading ship |
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Criminous
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Criminal; relating to crime |
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Marked with a cross; having take the
cross as a crusader |
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Croisy |
To bestow the cross upon someone, i.e. to
declare him a crusader |
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Croysies |
Crusaders |
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Cruelty |
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Burden |
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Currier |
One whose trade is the preparation and dyeing of
leather |
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Customable
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Customary or habitual |
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Dag |
A pistol |
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Damnified
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Damaged or injured |
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Damp |
A state of stupefaction |
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Darnel |
A weed of cornfields, (Lolium temulentum), also known as cockle or tares, and referred
to by Jesus in Matthew c. 13 v.24-30. |
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Dastard
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A coward |
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Decretal |
Originally, a letter written by a Pope in response
to a query; later, any papal decree or document |
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Deduce
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1) To declare or describe |
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Deme, Demen |
Judge |
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Demi-lance |
A short-shafted lance |
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Demurrer |
In law, a plea that the facts alleged do
not amount to a tort or crime; loosely, any legal objection |
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A naturalized citizen |
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To despatch a messenger |
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Descant |
In shift of
descant = changing the argument |
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Detour
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Debtor |
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Detour |
Debtor |
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Deturbate |
To cast down or thrust out |
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Didrachma |
A two-drachma coin |
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Dignation |
The act of a superior honouring or recognizing an
inferior |
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Dimissory
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A letter from a bishop recommending
someone as fit for ordination or ecclesiastical office |
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To strike, beat |
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The matins of the Service for the dead,
beginning Dirige, Domine, Deus meus, in
conspectu tuo viam meam. |
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Dirt-dauber |
A plasterer esp. one who uses mud to make
wattle-and-daub walls |
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Debate |
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Discommodity |
Disadvantage |
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Disgarnish |
To deprive of |
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Dishonest |
To defile |
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Disme |
A 10% tax or charge |
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Disparkle,
disperkle |
To scatter or disperse |
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Dispensator |
One who dispenses or distributes goods |
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Disperkle |
To scatter, disperse |
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Disple |
To punish |
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Disseize |
To dispossess |
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Dissever |
To separate |
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Dissimule |
To deceive by hiding one's true feelings
or intentions |
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Distain |
Dishonour |
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Distinction |
A division or section of a book or
document |
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Many, several |
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A woman scholar |
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Judgement |
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Domesmen |
Judges |
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An honorary or temporary member of a
religious order |
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Donative |
A benefice which can be bestowed by the
founder or patron without reference to the bishop or abbot. |
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A dotty-headed person |
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Strongly |
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Spent |
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Draft |
Spent brewing grains used as animal feed |
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Draught |
A privy (US: bathroom) |
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An incompetent thief |
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A kind of trumpet |
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A large basket or barrel for holding dry
goods |
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Doubt |
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A state of bewilderment; In his dumps = reduced to silence |
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Ear |
To plough |
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Earlich |
Early |
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Eftsoons |
Soon afterwards, immediately |
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Eghenen
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Eyes |
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A diplomatic mission |
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Emblemish |
To damage or disfigure |
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Embull |
To seal |
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An ant |
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Government or dominion |
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To grant or bestow something; to be endued with = to have |
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Enduing |
Endowing |
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To destroy |
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To assign a fief of property or office to
someone |
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To say that something is grievous |
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Engrossed |
Written down |
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Enmious
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Hostile |
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Ensample |
Example |
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Ensue |
To follow |
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Assiduous in learning |
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Entitle |
To write down a properly edited version
of something |
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To surround |
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An atheist |
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The prophet Isiah |
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Riches obtained by plunder |
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Eschew |
Renounce, reject |
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Escript |
A written decree or writ |
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Spy |
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Estall |
To pay by installments |
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Ethnics
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Pagans |
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To nullify |
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Evangely,
Evangelies |
The Gospels |
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The day before a feast day |
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Even-christened |
Fellow-Christians |
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Everichone
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Each one |
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A person under examination, either as
witness or accused |
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Summarize |
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Excheat |
Confiscation of property, or encroachment
on the privileges of another |
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Excoriate |
To flay |
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Asked |
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A pension or allowance of money |
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To remove an office or responsibility
from someone |
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Exorable |
Capable of being moved by pity or prayer |
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Exornate |
To embellish or exaggerate |
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Experiment
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To examine or test |
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Expugn |
To conquer or overcome |
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A papal decree not included in the
standard list |
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A façade or sham |
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Facinorous |
Extremely wicked |
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Fact |
Deed |
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Factor |
An agent or deputy |
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Faggot
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A bundle of firewood |
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Broken or destroyed |
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A shrine |
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A bundle or parcel |
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Farmary |
An infirmary |
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Farmer |
1) A bailiff2) a tenant or lessee |
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Weariness, long drawn-out effort |
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Fatue |
A taboo word in Biblical times;
"Whosoever shall say, Fatue, shall be in danger of hell fire."
(Matt. 5. 23) |
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A patron, supporter or abettor |
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Filthiness |
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Many |
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In feoffer's
hold: Literally, held as a
feudal possession; metaphorically, as here, borrowed from someone else |
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Feoffment |
Under the feudal system, the action of
assigning lands to someone; or, the legal right to the lands so assigned |
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A weekday |
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Ferula |
A flat piece of wood used for punishing
schoolchildren |
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Fet
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Fetched |
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Fetch |
(V) To steal by fraud or cunning |
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To symbolize |
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A house in which a fire is regularly lit
(i.e. a dwelling-house) |
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Very wicked |
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Fled from |
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Fleer |
To sneer or mock |
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Flewet |
A blow |
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Flight-shot |
The distance an arrow can be shot from a bow |
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Floten
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Flown |
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Rushed |
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A defeat |
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Foins |
Trimmings of marten fur |
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(A) Foolish |
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An ancestor |
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Foreface |
Preface |
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Forefact |
A criminal accusation |
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Forefend |
To prevent |
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Foreshield |
To prevent, avert |
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Foreslack |
To neglect |
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Foreslow |
To delay |
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Forfend |
To prevent |
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Form |
A bench |
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Forward |
A contract or agreement |
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A maker of moulded metal objects |
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Foundment |
Basis, foundation |
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A basket |
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Frater wall |
The wall of the refectory in a monastery |
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Fraught |
Filled with; (of a ship) fully laden. |
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Fray |
To frighten |
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Fray-bug |
An imaginary object of fear, bogey-man,
etc. |
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Freedom |
An area in or around a city, whose inhabitants
had certain privileges or exemptions from taxation which prevailed elsewhere.
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Frele
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Frail |
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Fretted |
1) Worn, rubbed |
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A dance step or caper |
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A dress in Dutch or German style |
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Fulleden |
Baptised |
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Fullen |
To baptise |
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Fuller |
A person whose occupation is the cleaning
and preparation of newly-woven cloth |
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Angry, irascible |
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Equipment |
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A coarse cloth of cotton and linen mixed |
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Fustigation |
Flogging |
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(V) To pledge |
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Gainstand |
To oppose |
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Gang-Monday
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The Monday before Ascension Thursday
(which is forty days after Easter) |
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To gag at or be unable to swallow |
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To make something happen |
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Garboil |
Commotion, disturbance |
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Gardeviance |
A treasure chest, or collection of
valuables |
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Garner |
A granary |
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Got |
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A worthless trinket |
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Gaude |
A public performance or display |
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Ghostly |
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If |
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Guile, dishonesty |
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Gilten
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To offend against |
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A mechanism |
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A weapon consisting of a short, broad
blade fixed to a long handle |
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Glaverer |
A flattering deceiver |
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Glavering |
Flattering, deceiving |
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To smear with paint |
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Gleve |
The winning-post of a race |
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To explain, or more often distort, the
meaning of a text; to speak deceitfully |
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Glossary |
A commentary or explanation |
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Gloss-writer |
A writer of commentaries, or a
spin-doctor |
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Gnatho |
A flattering
parasite |
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Goff |
In a barn
which is divided into bays by internal projections from the walls, a goff is the amount of grain which will
fir into one of the bays |
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Gossopry
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The relationship of God-parent and
God-child |
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Set firmly, grafted |
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Gra-mercies |
Thank you very much |
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Grope |
To find out someone's business or secrets by
cunning |
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Groundsel |
A door-sill or threshold |
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Gyves |
Leg-irons, fetters |
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Hale |
To drag away |
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Hanaper
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An office of the court of chancery, which
collected fees for sealing and registration of documents |
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Handfast |
A firm grasp |
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Hand-fast |
To hold tightly |
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Hanger |
A short sword hung from the belt |
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Hastler |
A cook's assistant, who turned the spit for
roasting meat. |
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Hay-golph |
A haystack |
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Hearse |
A wooden framework carrying a large number of
candles, hangings etc., borne over a coffin. |
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Heave-offering
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An offering which
is held up high by the priest for the people to see |
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Helme-sheaves |
Bundles of straw |
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Hem |
Them |
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Her
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Their |
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Heren |
Theirs |
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To worship |
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Commandment |
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Was named |
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A kind of falcon (Falco subbuteo) |
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Held |
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Holocaust |
A sacrifice where the entire animal is
burnt (not just the inedible bits, as was more usual) |
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Holp, Holpen |
Helped |
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Holydeme |
Holiness |
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Friendly, familiar, over-familiar |
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To confer honour on something |
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A Brothel |
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Whores |
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Horsed up |
Pulled up on a man's back or a frame, to
be whipped |
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Hostelar |
The landlady of an inn |
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(N) The |
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Secret, secrecy |
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Huddipeak |
A blockhead |
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Hundred |
A subdivision of a county |
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Hutching |
Literally: crouching or bowing low.
Figuratively: with abject humility |
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Hold |
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An instance of dishonest exaggeration |
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Hypotyposis |
A vivid description of a scene |
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I |
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The thirteenth or fifteenth day of the
month |
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Negligence or laziness |
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To jeer or mock |
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Helplessness |
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Imbrued |
Stained with blood |
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Adoption as a heir |
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Immanity |
Monstrous cruelty |
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Immarcessible |
Incorruptible |
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Immission |
Insertion |
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A child |
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Impanate |
Embodied in bread |
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Importable |
Unbearable |
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Importable |
Unbearable |
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Imposthume |
An abscess |
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Impotent |
Enfeebled |
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Impotionate |
To poison |
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Impropriate |
Assigned |
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Unfitness, disqualification |
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Full of anger |
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Incommodity |
Disadvantage |
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Incontinency |
Lechery |
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Incontinent, Incontinently |
Immediately |
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To make a formal promise or contract |
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Indiction |
A period of fifteen years |
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Indifferency |
Impartiality |
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Indurate |
Hardened, stubborn or callous |
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Induration |
Hardening |
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To slip in edgeways |
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To make infamous |
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Infect |
Imperfect |
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Infeoff |
To assign a fief of property or office to
someone |
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Infer |
To state or bring forward as an argument |
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Infestine |
Troublesome, annoying |
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Inspiral |
Giving life to |
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Instant |
Insistent |
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Instantly |
Insistently |
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An interdict, i.e. a punishment laid by
the church on a town etc., prohibiting any church service from being held
there |
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Intermit |
To interrupt |
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Interrogatory |
A question formally put to a witness. |
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Interturb |
To disturb or interrupt |
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Intestine |
Internal |
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To attack |
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Invitory |
A prayer or verse of the Bible recited at
the beginning of a church service |
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Involve |
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The prophet |
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A jacket with metal plates or chain-mail
sewn to it |
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A privy (U.S: bathroom) |
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A story-teller |
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A low scoundrel |
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Jurate,
Jurat |
A lay magistrate or alderman, A sworn witness |
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Kalends |
The first day of the month |
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Kele |
To satisfy hunger or thirst |
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Key-clog |
A piece of wood tied to a key |
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Knack |
A small or trifling article |
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Knapskal |
A kind of helmet |
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The rosary, usually the full 15 decades |
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Landloper |
A renegade or fugitive |
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Lanthorn |
A lantern |
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Wrapped, clothed |
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Brass or bronze |
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Praise |
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Ceremonial washings which were part of a
royal levée |
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A cesspit |
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Lend |
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Leasing |
Lying |
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A reading |
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Believe |
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Leefull |
Lawful |
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Leese |
To surrender or be deprived of |
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Leet |
A court held by the lord of a manor to
try minor offences and disputes between tenants |
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Leeue |
A
leeue Lord = O Lord in whom we believe |
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Lawful |
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Of or relating to a Papal legate |
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Legerdemain |
Trickery |
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A lover |
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Leaper |
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Pasture |
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Lesing |
(A) False (V) Lying |
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Lesser |
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To hinder or prevent (also past tense and
noun) |
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Letter reverential |
A letter from a bishop recommending
someone as fit for ordination or ecclesiastical office |
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Faith or confidence |
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Ignorant or futile |
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A leopard |
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Libel |
A document or certificate |
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In Roman times, an official who attended
a magistrate and carried out his orders to arrest, flog, execute etc.
malefactors |
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To tell outrageous lies |
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Lieger |
The holder of a feudal lordship or office |
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Lieutenant-criminal |
A chief of police |
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Livelihood |
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Lie |
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Likely |
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Limbo, in Catholic theology a state
without either the torments of Hell or the bliss of Heaven, occupied by the
souls of unbaptized children and virtuous pagans. |
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Limiting |
Begging |
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Limitour |
A begging friar |
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1. (N) A strip of cloth |
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Little |
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Little Ease |
A prison cell too small to sit, stand or
lie down in. |
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Livelihood |
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A handful of hay or straw; by extension a
quantity of anything (OED); in modern Irish slang, a large quantity; which
seems to be closer to the meaning here. |
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A low scoundrel |
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Ritual washing |
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The Sunday after Easter |
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Gained, profited |
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Powerful desire – not necessarily sexual |
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Telling outrageous lies |
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To mash or chop up |
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Mail |
A travelling-bag |
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Mainprise, Mainprize |
1) A surety or guarantor |
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|
A trouble-maker |
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Makebate |
A lie designed to stir up trouble for
someone |
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