4. The smaller kind of Throatwort hath stalks and leaves very like unto the great Throatwort, but altogether lesser, and not so hairy: from the bosom of which leaves shoot forth very beautiful flowers bell fashion, of a bright purple colour, with a small pistil or clapper, in the middle, and in other respects is like the precedent.

            5. This from a woody and wrinkled root of a pale purple colour sends forth many rough crested stalks of some cubit high, which are unorderly set with leaves, long, rough, and snipped lightly about their edges, being of a dark colour on the upper side, and of a whitish on their under part. At the tops of the stalks grow the flowers, being many, and thick thrust together, white of colour, and divided into five or seven parts, each flower having yellowish threads, and a pointel in their middles. It flowers in August, and was first set forth and described by Pona in his description of Mount Baldus.

The Place

            1, 2. The first described and sometimes the second grows very plentifully in the low woods and hedgerows of Kent, about Canterbury, Sittingbourne, Gravesend, Southfleet, and Greenhithe, especially under Cobham Park-pale in the way leading from Southfleet to Rochester, at Eltham about the park there not far from Greenwich; in most of the pastures about Watford and Bushey, fifteen miles from London.

            3. The third was kept by our author in his garden, as it is also at this day preserved in the garden of Mr. Parkinson: yet in the year 1626 I found it in great plenty growing wild upon the banks of the River Ouse in Yorkshire, as I went from York to visit Selby the place whereas I was born, being ten miles from thence.

            4. The fourth groweth in the meadow next unto Ditton ferry as you go to Windsor, upon the chalky hills about Greenhithe in Kent; and in a field by the highway as you go from thence to Dartford; in Henningham park in Essex, and in Sion meadow near to Brentford, eight miles from London.

            5. The fifth grows on Mount Baldus in Italy.

The Time.

            All the kinds of Bell-Flowers do flower and flourish from May until the beginning of August, except the last, which is the plant that hath been taken generally for the Calathian Violet, which flowereth in the later end of September; notwithstanding the Calathian Violet or Autumn Violet is of a most bright and pleasant blue or azure colour, as those are of this kind, although this plant sometimes changeth his colour from blue to whiteness by some one accident or other.

The Names.

            1, 2. Throatwort is called in Latin Cervicaria; and Cervicaria maior: of most, Uvularia: of Fuchsius, Campanula: in Dutch, Halfrupt: in English, Canterbury Bells, Haskwort, Throatwort, or Uvula Wort, of the virtue it hath against the pain and swelling thereof.

            3. This is the Trachelium maius belgarum of Lobel, and the same that our author formerly set forth by the name of Trachelium giganteum, so that I have put them, as you may see, together in the title of the plant.

            4. This is the Trachelium maius of Dodonæus, Lobel, and others: the Cervicaria minor of Tabernamontanus; and Uvularia exigua of Tragus.

The Temperature.

            These plants are cold and dry, as are most of the Bell-Flowers.

The Virtues.

            A. The ancients for any thing that we know have not mentioned, and therefore not set down anything concerning the virtues of these Bell-Flowers: notwithstanding we have found in the later writers, as also of our own experience, that they are excellent good against the inflammation of the throat and uvula or almonds, and all manner of cankers and ulcerations in the mouth, if the mouth and throat be gargarized and washed of the decoction of them: and they are of all other herbs the chief and principal to be put into lotions or washing waters, to inject into the privy parts of man or woman being boiled with honey in water, with some white wine.